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Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention Advance Access published online on September 25, 2006
Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, doi:10.1093/brief-treatment/mhl008
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Article

Comparative Analysis of Three Crisis Intervention Models Applied to Law Enforcement First Responders During 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina

Cherie Castellano MA, CSW, LPC, AAETS 1 * and Elizabeth Plionis PhD 2

1 From the Cop-to-Cop Crisis Intervention Hotline, University Behavioral Health Care University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
2 From the Catholic University of America, Washington, DC

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cherie Castellano, E-mail: ccaste17{at}aol.com


  Abstract

Two distinct fields, crisis intervention (which targets civilian populations) and disaster mental health services (which targets first responders), have emerged in response to natural and man-made disasters. As a consequence of 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, questions have been raised whether the occupational ecology of first responders has significantly changed. Two new concepts, the "high-risk rescuer" and the "rescuer-victim," are identified. Using three field cases, this paper describes and analyzes the application of three different crisis intervention models for law enforcement first responders during 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina: (a) psychological first aid, (b) critical incident stress management, and (c) the Federal Emergency Management Association/Substance Abuse Crisis Counseling Program. Implications for meeting the mental health needs of first responders post-9/11 and -Hurricane Katrina are discussed.

Keywords: disaster mental health; law enforcement; first responders; occupational ecology; high-risk rescuers; rescuer-victim.
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